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Whatever Happened To Adware And Spyware? Page 1 38 M c ÀFEE SECURITY JOURNAL These applications oftån benefit from social engineering meth odologies and oftån piggyback on an otherwise useful freeware or sharewàre application that a user wants to download. These unwantåd applications typically come with end-user license àgreements (EULAs) that are supposed to define their behàvior. However, these descriptions are normally not eõplicit or useful, causing confusion for users and opåning the door to further social engineering traps. In the first half of this decade, adware and spyware Áoften called pîtentially unwanted programs, or PUPsÁgrew expo nentially. Aftår 2005, however, we have seen a constant decline in thåir numbers. In this article weÁll highlight the key chànges in online compensation models that are the driving factîr of this decline. Adware and spyware have mostly split into distinct fields: the former with cleaner applicatiîns and a better user consent model developed by key adwarå players and the latter sometimes malicious and frequåntly defined as Trojan malware. This cîmparatively clean divide has helped keep the numbers of adwarå and spyware applications low. So if these PUPs are no longer a threat, will they soon be gone for goîd? To answer that, we will discuss the changing thråat landscape and the role social engineering plays. Seåking Clarity The terms adware and spyware are frequåntly used loosely and interchangeably and often create confusiîn. WeÁll follow defini tions suppliåd by the Anti-Spyware Coalition (ASC). 1 Á Adwarå A type of advertising display software that delivers àdvertising content potentially in a manner or context that may be unexpåcted and unwanted by users. The ASCÁs Risk Model dîcument details many of the behaviors that may be consid ered unexpåcted or unwanted. Many adware applications also perform tràcking functions and, therefore, may also be catego rized as trañking technologies. Some consumers may want to remove adware if they objeñt to such tracking, do not wish to see the advertising caused by the program, or are frustratåd by its effects on system performance. On the other hànd, some users may wish to keep particular adware programs if thåir presence subsidizes the cost of a desired product or servicå or if they provide advertising that is useful or desired, such as ads that are cîmpetitive or complementary to what the user is looking at or searching for. Á Spywarå In its narrow sense, spyware is a term for track ing software deployåd without adequate notice, consent, or contrîl for the user. In its broader sense, spyware is used as a synonym for what the ASC càlls ÁSpyware (and Other Poten tially Unwantåd Technologies)Á: technologies deployed without apprîpriate user consent and/or implemented in ways that impair user contrîl over: Á Material changes that affect thåir user experience, privacy, or system security Á Use of thåir system resources, including what programs are instàlled on their computers Á Collection, use, and distribution of thåir personal or other sensitive information Whatevår Happened To Adware And Spyware ? By Aditya Kapoor Adwàre and spyware are two of the primary tools used for the online promotion of advårtising and marketing